malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
Pathways
citric acid cycle (BRENDA)
:= BRENDA, := KEGG, := MetaCyc, := SABIO-RK
:= amino acid sequences := show the reaction diagram
EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
D-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
diiodophenylpyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
-
-
-
: multienzyme system: ec 1.2.4.2, ec 2.3.1.61 and ec 1.8.1.4 multi-step reaction (see R01700+R02570+R07618)
: This reaction sums up the three reactions that are catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
natural substrates, multi-step reaction
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
-
-
-
: multienzyme system: ec 1.2.4.2, ec 2.3.1.61 and ec 1.8.1.4 multi-step reaction (see R01700+R02570+R07618)
: This reaction sums up the three reactions that are catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
natural substrates, multi-step reaction
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
-
-
-
: multienzyme system: ec 1.2.4.2, ec 2.3.1.61 and ec 1.8.1.4 multi-step reaction (see R01700+R02570+R07618)
: This reaction sums up the three reactions that are catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
natural substrates, multi-step reaction
acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
-
-
-
: electron transport complex II
natural substrates, multi-step reaction
fumarate hydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citrate (Si)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16)
: The mammalian citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol [4211224].
natural substrates
homocitrate synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16)
: The mammalian citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol [4211224].
natural substrates
citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16)
: The mammalian citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol [4211224].
natural substrates
citrate (Re)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids
: nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
: (pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.1) (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming (ec 2.3.3.3) unknown stereospecificity (ec 2.3.3.16)
: The mammalian citrate synthase is located solely in the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate enters the mitochondrial matrix to react with the enzyme. Experiments done in rat liver indicate that this reaction is physiologically irreversible [7060582]. The reaction occurs in peroxisome in fungi [1897942] and plants [15923350] and in bacterial cytosol [4211224].
natural substrates
2-methylcitrate dehydratase (2-methyl-trans-aconitate forming)
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: reductive TCA cycle I,
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aconitate hydratase
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: reductive TCA cycle I,
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
: reductive TCA cycle I,
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aconitate hydratase
isocitrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)
natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)
natural substrates
homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
: two-step reaction (see R01899+R00268)
natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
D-isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH
: reductive TCA cycle I,
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
cytosolic NADPH production (yeast),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
cytosolic NADPH production (yeast),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citrate CoA-transferase
acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
fumarate reductase (NADH)
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citryl-CoA lyase
(3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
: a part of multi-step reaction (see R00352, R01322+R00354)
natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate synthase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
(2R,3S)-isocitrate = succinate + glyoxylate
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
maleate isomerase
Maleate = fumarate
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates, generic, protein
2-oxoglutarate synthase
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates, generic, protein
propionate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
propanoyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
ATP citrate synthase
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
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: multi-step reaction (see R01322+R00354)
natural substrates, multi-step reaction
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + acceptor = oxaloacetate + reduced acceptor
: BS402298
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natural substrates, generic
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
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natural substrates
citrate-CoA ligase
ATP + citrate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
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: a part of multi-step reaction (see R00352, R01322+R00354)
natural substrates