malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
Pathways
citric acid cycle (BRENDA)






EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
L-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

-
-
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natural substrates
D-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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-
-
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

-
-
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natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

-
-
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natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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natural substrates
phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

-
-
-
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natural substrates
diiodophenylpyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway

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-
-
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natural substrates
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
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natural substrates, multi-step reaction
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
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natural substrates, multi-step reaction
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
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-
-


natural substrates, multi-step reaction
acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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-
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-
natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
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-
-

natural substrates, multi-step reaction
fumarate hydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O

Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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-
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natural substrates
(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O

Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

reductive TCA cycle I,
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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-
-
-
natural substrates
citrate (Si)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
homocitrate synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
citrate (Re)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
2-methylcitrate dehydratase (2-methyl-trans-aconitate forming)
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism

nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aconitate hydratase
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism

nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism

nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle III (animals),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
reductive TCA cycle II,
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aconitate hydratase
isocitrate = cis-aconitate + H2O
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-

natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-

natural substrates
homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+
-
-
-

natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
D-isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH

nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves,
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
cytosolic NADPH production (yeast),
ethene biosynthesis V (engineered),
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citrate CoA-transferase
acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
fumarate reductase (NADH)
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citryl-CoA lyase
(3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-

natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
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natural substrates
malate synthase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
(2R,3S)-isocitrate = succinate + glyoxylate
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natural substrates
maleate isomerase
Maleate = fumarate
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natural substrates
2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
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natural substrates, generic, protein
2-oxoglutarate synthase
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
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natural substrates, generic, protein
propionate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
propanoyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
ATP citrate synthase
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
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natural substrates, multi-step reaction
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + acceptor = oxaloacetate + reduced acceptor
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natural substrates, generic
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
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natural substrates
citrate-CoA ligase
ATP + citrate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
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natural substrates