malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
Pathways
citric acid cycle (BRENDA)






EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
D-lactate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
hydroxypyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
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natural substrates
3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
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natural substrates
phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
diiodophenylpyruvate reductase
(S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Methane metabolism,
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type,
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway),
methylaspartate cycle,
gluconeogenesis I,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
gluconeogenesis III,
glyoxylate cycle,
mixed acid fermentation,
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI,
pyruvate fermentation to acetate V
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-
-
-
natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
-
-
-

natural substrates, multi-step reaction
fumarate reductase (quinol)
succinate + a quinone = fumarate + a quinol
-
-
-

natural substrates, multi-step reaction
fumarate hydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O

Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase
(S)-malate = fumarate + H2O

Pyruvate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
TCA cycle III (animals),
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
incomplete reductive TCA cycle,
reductive TCA cycle I,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
citrate (Si)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
homocitrate synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
citrate (Re)-synthase
acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-


natural substrates
2-methylcitrate dehydratase (2-methyl-trans-aconitate forming)
Citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
aconitate hydratase
Citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
Citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism

TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase),
methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi),
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle II,
reductive TCA cycle I,
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
glyoxylate cycle,
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-
-
natural substrates
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+

Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle I,
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH cytosolic interconversion (yeast),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-

natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+

Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle I,
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH cytosolic interconversion (yeast),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
-

natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+

Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of amino acids

methylaspartate cycle,
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic),
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs),
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
reductive TCA cycle I,
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH cytosolic interconversion (yeast),
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered),
L-glutamine biosynthesis III,
mixed acid fermentation,
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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natural substrates
citrate CoA-transferase
acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
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natural substrates
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
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natural substrates
succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + FAD = fumarate + FADH2
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natural substrates
citryl-CoA lyase
(3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
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natural substrates
3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate = succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA
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natural substrates
malate synthase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
L-arabinose degradation IV,
D-xylose degradation IV,
chitin degradation to ethanol,
glyoxylate cycle,
glycolate and glyoxylate degradation II
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism

crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase),
L-arabinose degradation IV,
D-xylose degradation IV,
chitin degradation to ethanol,
glyoxylate cycle,
glycolate and glyoxylate degradation II
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natural substrates
isocitrate lyase
isocitrate = succinate + glyoxylate
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natural substrates
maleate isomerase
Maleate = fumarate
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natural substrates
2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
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natural substrates, generic, protein
2-oxoglutarate synthase
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
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natural substrates, generic, protein
propionate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
acetate CoA-transferase
succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate
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natural substrates
isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
ATP citrate synthase
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
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natural substrates, multi-step reaction
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone
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natural substrates
malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
(S)-malate + acceptor = oxaloacetate + reduced acceptor
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natural substrates, generic
succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
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natural substrates
citrate-CoA ligase
ATP + citrate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
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natural substrates