Pathways
CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota (BRENDA)
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:= BRENDA, 
:= KEGG, 
:= MetaCyc, 
:= SABIO-RK
:= amino acid sequences 
:= show the reaction diagram
EC Number
Reaction
Pathways
Reaction IDs
Stoichiometry Check
Missing Substrate
Missing Product
Commentary
Remark
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
glucuronate reductase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
succinate semialdehyde reductase (NADPH)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
1.1.1.co
4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH
: Fatty acid degradation,Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH
: Fatty acid degradation,Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
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natural substrates
acetoacetyl-CoA reductase
(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH
: Fatty acid degradation,Lysine degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
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natural substrates
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
short-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
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natural substrates
enoyl-CoA hydratase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
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natural substrates
medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
a short-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a short-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
: Fatty acid degradation,Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Aminobenzoate degradation,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
gallate degradation III (anaerobic),
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = (E)-but-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: possibly two-step reaction (similar to R00742 or R04385+R04386)natural substrates
propionyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- + H+ = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
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: possibly two-step reaction (similar to R00742 or R04385+R04386)natural substrates
acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (archaea),
mevalonate pathway I,
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (archaea),
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (archaea),
mevalonate pathway I,
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (archaea),
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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natural substrates
acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (archaea),
mevalonate pathway I,
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (archaea),
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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natural substrates
acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (archaea),
mevalonate pathway I,
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (archaea),
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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natural substrates
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase
2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
: Fatty acid degradation,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,
Lysine degradation,
Benzoate degradation,
Tryptophan metabolism,
Pyruvate metabolism,
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Butanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,
Metabolic pathways,
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism,
Fatty acid metabolism
: oleate beta-oxidation,pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered),
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II,
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate),
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate),
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation,
2-methylpropene degradation,
mevalonate pathway III (archaea),
mevalonate pathway I,
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway,
glutaryl-CoA degradation,
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered),
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered),
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered),
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered),
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis,
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II,
pyruvate fermentation to acetone,
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate,
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I,
ketolysis,
ketogenesis,
mevalonate pathway II (archaea),
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate,
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
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natural substrates
methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
aldose reductase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
succinate semialdehyde reductase (NADPH)
4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = succinate semialdehyde + NADH + H+
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natural substrates
malonyl-CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
succinate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = succinyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
succinate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = succinyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
ATP + 4-hydroxybutanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA
: Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA
: Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
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natural substrates
2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA mutase
(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA
: Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation,Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,
Propanoate metabolism,
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,
Metabolic pathways,
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments,
Carbon metabolism
: (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen,pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I,
methylaspartate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle,
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle,
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered),
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial),
propanoyl CoA degradation I,
conversion of succinate to propanoate
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natural substrates
malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
malonate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
malonyl-CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
malonate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+ = malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
propanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
propanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADH)
propanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: two-step reaction (see R04385 + R04386)natural substrates
propionyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA
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: two-step reaction (see R04385 + R04386)natural substrates
methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase
ATP + acetyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA
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: two-step reaction (see R04385 + R04386)natural substrates
3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase
3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O
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natural substrates
enoyl-CoA hydratase
3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O
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natural substrates
propionate-CoA ligase
3-hydroxypropanoate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
; "show the reaction diagram")
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: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetasenatural substrates
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase
3-hydroxypropanoate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
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: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetasenatural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
3-hydroxypropanoate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
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: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetasenatural substrates
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
serine 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
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natural substrates
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA = acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
; "show the reaction diagram")
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natural substrates
propionate CoA-transferase
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA = acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
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natural substrates